Protein Engineering, Vol. 13, No. 9, 661-666,
September 2000
© 2000 Oxford University Press
Apo(a)-kringle IV-type 6: expression in Escherichia coli, purification and in vitro refolding
1 Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Medical Molecular Biology, University of Graz, Harrachgasse 21/III 2 Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, 8010 Graz, Austria
Lipoprotein (a) [Lp(a)] belongs to the class of highly thrombo-atherogenic lipoproteins. The assembly of Lp(a) from LDL and the specific apo(a) glycoprotein takes place extracellularly in a two-step process. First, an unstable complex is formed between LDL and apo(a) due to the interaction of the unique kringle (K) IV-type 6 (T6) in apo(a) with amino groups on LDL, and in the second step this complex is stabilized by a disulfide bond between apo(a) KIV-T9 and apoB100. In order to understand this process better, we overexpressed and purified apo(a) KIV-T6 in Escherichia coli. Recombinant KIV-T6 was expressed as a His-tag fusion protein under control of the T7 promoter in BL21 (DE3) strain. After one-step purification by affinity chromatography the yield was 7 mg/l of bacterial suspension. Expressed fusion apo(a) KIV-T6 was insoluble in physiological buffers and it also lacked the characteristic kringle structure. After refolding using a specific procedure, high-resolution 1H-NMR spectroscopy revealed kringle structure-specific signals. Refolded KIV-T6 bound to Lys-Sepharose with a significantly lower affinity than recombinant apo(a) (EC50 with 
-ACA 0.47 mM versus 2–11 mM). In competition experiments a 1000-fold molar excess of KIV-T6 was needed to reach 60% inhibition of Lp(a) assembly.
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