Protein Engineering vol. 3 no. 5 pp. 433-442, 1990
© 1990 Oxford University Press
RESEARCH-ARTICLE |
Sequence differences between glycosylated and non-glycosylated Asn-X-Thr/Ser acceptor sites: implications for protein engineering
Research Group for Theoretical Biophysics, Department of Theoretical Physics, Royal Institute of Technology S-100 44 Stockholm 1Department of Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institute, Centre for Biotechnology NOVUM, S-141 52 Huddinge, Sweden
In N-glycosylated glycoproteins, carbohydrate is attached to Asn in the sequence Asn-X-Ser/Thr, where X denotes any amino acid. However, the presence of this consensus peptide does not always lead to glycosylation. We have compiled an extensive collection of glycosylated and non-glycosylated Asn-X-Thr/Ser sites and present a statistical study based on this data set. Our results indicate that non-glycosylated sites tend to be found more frequently towards the C termini of glycoproteins, and that proline residues in positions X and Y in the consensus Asn-X-Thr/Ser-Y strongly reduce the likelihood of N-linked glycosylation. Beyond this, there are no obvious local sequence features that seem to correlate with the absence or presence of N-linked glycosylation. These findings are discussed in terms of the prediction and engineering of glycosylation sites in secretory proteins.
Keywords: glycoproteins/N-glycosylation/statistical study
Received October 27, 1989; accepted January 15, 1990.
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A. Newbolt, R. Stoop, C. Virginio, A. Surprenant, R. A. North, G. Buell, and F. Rassendren Membrane Topology of an ATP-gated Ion Channel (P2X Receptor) J. Biol. Chem., June 12, 1998; 273(24): 15177 - 15182. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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R. Casu, C. Eisemann, R. Pearson, G. Riding, I. East, A. Donaldson, L. Cadogan, and R. Tellam Antibody-mediated inhibition of the growth of larvae from an insect causing cutaneous myiasis in a mammalian host PNAS, August 19, 1997; 94(17): 8939 - 8944. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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C. M. Elvin, T. Vuocolo, R. D. Pearson, I. J. East, G. A. Riding, C. H. Eisemann, and R. L. Tellam Characterization of a Major Peritrophic Membrane Protein, Peritrophin-44, from the Larvae of Lucilia cuprina J. Biol. Chem., April 12, 1996; 271(15): 8925 - 8935. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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S. H. Shakin-Eshleman, S. L. Spitalnik, and L. Kasturi The Amino Acid at the X Position of an Asn-X-Ser Sequon Is an Important Determinant of N-Linked Core-glycosylation Efficiency J. Biol. Chem., March 15, 1996; 271(11): 6363 - 6366. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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M. U. Jars, S. Osborn, J. Forstrom, and V. L. MacKay N- and O-Glycosylation and Phosphorylation of the Bar Secretion Leader Derived from the Barrier Protease of Saccharomyces cerevisiae J. Biol. Chem., October 20, 1995; 270(42): 24810 - 24817. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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C. G.ía Rodríguez, D. R. Cundell, E. I. Tuomanen, L. F. Kolakowski , Jr., C. Gerard, and N. P. Gerard The Role of N-Glycosylation for Functional Expression of the Human Platelet-activating Factor Receptor J. Biol. Chem., October 20, 1995; 270(42): 25178 - 25184. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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C. A. Power, A. Meyer, K. Nemeth, K. B. Bacon, A. J. Hoogewerf, A. E. I. Proudfoot, and T. N. C. Wells Molecular Cloning and Functional Expression of a Novel CC Chemokine Receptor cDNA from a Human Basophilic Cell Line J. Biol. Chem., August 18, 1995; 270(33): 19495 - 19500. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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C. P. M. Hayward, J. A. Hassell, G. A. Denomme, R. A. Rachubinski, C. Brown, and J. G. Kelton The cDNA Sequence of Human Endothelial Cell Multimerin J. Biol. Chem., August 4, 1995; 270(31): 18246 - 18251. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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L. H. Philipson, A. Kuznetsov, P. T. Toth, J. F. Murphy, G. Szabo, G. H. Ma, and R. J. Miller Functional Expression of an Epitope-tagged G protein-coupled K[IMAGE] Channel (GIRK1) J. Biol. Chem., June 16, 1995; 270(24): 14604 - 14610. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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L. Kasturi, J. R. Eshleman, W. H. Wunner, and S. H. Shakin-Eshleman The Hydroxy Amino Acid in an Asn-X-Ser/Thr Sequon Can Influence N-Linked Core Glycosylation Efficiency and the Level of Expression of a Cell Surface Glycoprotein J. Biol. Chem., June 16, 1995; 270(24): 14756 - 14761. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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Z. G. Wo and R. E. Oswald A Topological Analysis of Goldfish Kainate Receptors Predicts Three Transmembrane Segments J. Biol. Chem., February 3, 1995; 270(5): 2000 - 2009. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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K Rothbarth, C Petzelt, X Lu, I. Todorov, G Joswig, R Pepperkok, W Ansorge, and D Werner cDNA-derived molecular characteristics and antibodies to a new centrosome-associated and G2/M phase-prevalent protein J. Cell Sci., January 1, 1993; 104(1): 19 - 30. [Abstract] [PDF]
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I. Nilsson and G. von Heijne Glycosylation Efficiency of Asn-Xaa-Thr Sequons Depends Both on the Distance from the C Terminus and on the Presence of a Downstream Transmembrane Segment J. Biol. Chem., June 2, 2000; 275(23): 17338 - 17343. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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J. Rettinger, A. Aschrafi, and G. Schmalzing Roles of Individual N-Glycans for ATP Potency and Expression of the Rat P2X1 Receptor J. Biol. Chem., October 20, 2000; 275(43): 33542 - 33547. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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J. Dubuisson, S. Duvet, J.-C. Meunier, A. Op De Beeck, R. Cacan, C. Wychowski, and L. Cocquerel Glycosylation of the Hepatitis C Virus Envelope Protein E1 Is Dependent on the Presence of a Downstream Sequence on the Viral Polyprotein J. Biol. Chem., September 22, 2000; 275(39): 30605 - 30609. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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A. Ujvari, R. Aron, T. Eisenhaure, E. Cheng, H. A. Parag, Y. Smicun, R. Halaban, and D. N. Hebert Translation Rate of Human Tyrosinase Determines Its N-Linked Glycosylation Level J. Biol. Chem., February 16, 2001; 276(8): 5924 - 5931. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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R. J. Fernandes, S. Hirohata, J. M. Engle, A. Colige, D. H. Cohn, D. R. Eyre, and S. S. Apte Procollagen II Amino Propeptide Processing by ADAMTS-3. INSIGHTS ON DERMATOSPARAXIS J. Biol. Chem., August 17, 2001; 276(34): 31502 - 31509. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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