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PEDS Advance Access published online on April 27, 2006
Protein Engineering Design and Selection, doi:10.1093/protein/gzl013
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© The Author 2006. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org
Received March 7, 2006
Accepted March 14, 2006

Article

Engineered antibody-drug conjugates with defined sites and stoichiometries of drug attachment

Charlotte F. McDonagh 1 *, Eileen Turcott 1, Lori Westendorf 1, Jennifer B. Webster 1, Stephen C. Alley 1, Kristine Kim 1, Jamie Andreyka 1, Ivan Stone 1, Kevin J. Hamblett 2, Joseph A. Francisco 3, and Paul Carter 1

1 Seattle Genetics, Inc., 21823 30th Drive SE, Bothell, WA 98021, USA
2 Seattle Genetics, Inc., 21823 30th Drive SE, Bothell, WA 98021, USA; Present address: Amgen, Inc., 1201 Amgen Court West, Seattle, WA 98119, USA
3 Seattle Genetics, Inc., 21823 30th Drive SE, Bothell, WA 98021, USA; Present address: Charles River Laboratories, 587 Dunn Circle, Sparks, NV 89431, USA

* To whom correspondence should be addressed.
Charlotte F. McDonagh, E-mail: cmcdonagh{at}seagen.com


  Abstract

The chimeric anti-CD30 IgG1, cAC10, conjugated to eight equivalents of monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE) was previously shown to have potent antitumor activity against CD30-expressing tumors xenografts in mice. Moreover, the therapeutic index was increased by lowering the stoichiometry from 8 drugs/antibody down to 2 or 4. Limitations of such ‘partially-loaded’ conjugates are low yield (10-30%) as they are purified from mixtures with variable stoichiometry (0-8 drugs/antibody), and heterogeneity as the 2 or 4 drugs are distributed over eight possible cysteine conjugation sites. Here, the solvent-accessible cysteines that form the interchain disulfide bonds in cAC10 were replaced with serine, to reduce the eight potential conjugation sites down to 4 or 2. These Cys->Ser antibody variants were conjugated to MMAE in near quantitative yield (89-96%) with defined stoichiometries (2 or 4 drugs/antibody) and sites of drug attachment. The engineered antibody-drug conjugates have comparable antigen-binding affinities and in vitro cytotoxic activities with corresponding purified parental antibody-drug conjugates. Additionally, the engineered and parental antibody-drug conjugates have similar in vivo properties including antitumor activity, pharmacokinetics and maximum tolerated dose. Our strategy for generating antibody-drug conjugates with defined sites and stoichiometries of drug loading is potentially broadly applicable to other antibodies as it involves engineering of constant domains.

Keywords: auristatin; CD30; conjugate; engineered antibody.
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